A New Power-Macedonia
Greece was severely weakened
by the chaos and destruction of the Peloponnesian War. Philip II, king
of Macedonia, and his powerful army invaded and conquered all of Greece.
Demosthenes, a famous orator, tried to warn the Greeks to unite against
Philip, but most did not listen. Philip was assassinated two years after
his conquest, and his son, Alexander, proclaimed himself king.
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The Greek Empire
Alexander founded dozens of
new cities. The greatest of these was in Egypt and called Alexandria in
his honor. It was an example of how Greek traditions were spread
throughout the world. Alexandria had an agora, a theater, temples, a
stadium, and a gymnasium. It also had one of the first lighthouses in
the world. This lighthouse was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient
World. In Alexandria, all regions were tolerated, and democracy
flourished. The museum was its cultural center and its library had over
half a million scrolls. The Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet which
made it easier for people to learn to read and write.
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